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Faux Namti Bridge
The Faux Namti Bridge〔 ((フランス語:Viaduc de Faux-Namti)〔) (alt. ''Nami-ti''), also known as Wujiazhai tielu qiao (五家寨铁路桥), or as the Inverted V Bridge〔''(A Hundred Years on the Platform: Notes on Yunnan-Vietnam Railway )''. Li Lang. 21st Century Shangye Pinglun Magazine (published on NewsMekong.com, IPS Asia-Pacific/Probe Media Foundation).〕 ((中国語:人字桥),〔http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2009-06/06/content_11497070.htm 〕 ''rén zì qiáo'', referring to the shape of the character 人), is a single-span railway bridge located in Wantang Township (湾塘乡, ''Wantangxiang'') of Pingbian County, in the Nanxi River valley region in the Chinese province of Yunnan. The bridge spans a gorge above the Sicha River ((中国語:四岔河), ''Sì chà hé''), a tributary of the Nanxi.〔〔http://www.cnbridge.cn/2010/0511/4202.html 〕 It is located at kilometer 111 of the Kunming–Hekou Railway, the Chinese portion of part of the Kunming–Hai Phong Railway. Construction of the bridge was carried out by the French Batignolles Construction Company (''Société de Construction des Batignolles''), beginning in March 1907 and ending in December 1908.
On either side of the bridge are two tunnels carved out of mountains on either side of the gorge, with a single span of (measured between the heels of the supporting trusses) stretching between them. The bridge's total length from end to end is .〔 The bridge is supported by a three-hinged metal arch, consisting of two triangular trusses arranged similarly to the leaves of a bascule bridge, with the appearance of a widely-opened, inverted letter V—hence the name "Inverted V bridge".〔 The two trusses are joined at the centre and riveted together, forming one solid span across the gorge. The heel of each truss rests on a ball joint anchored to a notch cut into the cliff face. The bridge's construction was exceptionally difficult and costly, requiring the development of novel construction methods to deal with the difficult physical conditions of the site.〔''(The Railway Conquest of the World )''. Forgotten Books. ISBN 1440059802. pp. 302–304.〕〔〔''(Unique Railway Bridge in Indo-china )''. ''Popular Mechanics'', Nov. 1913. ISSN 0032-4558. pp. 735–36.〕
==Background==
(詳細はFrench Indochina was in the midst of an explosion of railway construction sponsored by its colonial government. A railway from Indochina reaching toward Yunnan was first conceived by Jean Marie de Lanessan, Governor-General of French Indochina from 1891 to 1894. De Lanessan had been convinced of the necessity of building railways to connect the different parts of Indochina, and had identified, among others, a route connecting Hanoi and Lào Cai that should be built as a matter of priority.〔(La Colonisation française en Indo-Chine ). Jean Marie Antoine de Lanessan. 1895.〕 His recommendations were seized upon by Paul Doumer, Governor-General from 1897 to 1902, who expected that the establishment of a railway line leading into resource-rich Yunnan would permit France to gain a foothold there and to gain privileged access to the Chinese market.〔"Je compte que nous allons apprendre à connaître le Yunnan et ses ressources, nouer des relations avec la population et les mandarins, nous les attacher, étendre notre sphère d'influence sans bruit et prendre pied dans le pays grâce aux facilités que nous donnent l'étude et la construction du chemin de fer." 〕 His proposal to the French government, submitted soon after his appointment in 1897, included plans for a railway connecting Hai Phong to Kunming. This railway, approved in 1898, was the only railway line proposed by Doumer to be accepted in its entirety.〔("Les chemins de fer de l'Indochine française" ). Arnaud Georges. In: ''Annales de Géographie''. 1924, t. 33, n°185. pp. 501-503.〕
Construction of the first two legs of the railway began in Haiphong, Vietnam in 1900 and continued until 1906, when tracks finally reached Lào Cai, on the Chinese border. Construction of the Hekou–Kunming leg began in 1906 and continued until 1910. This section opened on April 1, 1910. The Faux-Namti bridge was constructed across the Sicha River, which lay in the path of the railway, from 1907 to 1908.
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